Is there a relationship between sperm chromosome abnormalities and sperm morphology?

Sperm topography is unique among the known cells and 3 major parts can be immediately distinguished: head, midpiece and tail. Normal spermatozoa exhibit an oval-shaped head with a regular outline and an acrosomal cap covering more than one-third of the head surface. The head length is between 3 and 5 μm, and its width ranges between 2 and 3 μm; the width is between one half and two thirds of the length. The midpiece is slender, less than one third of the width of the head, straight and regular in outline; it is aligned with the longitudinal axis of the head and is approximately 7 to 8 μm long. The tail is slender, uncoiled and should present a regular outline: it is at least 45 μm in length [1].Abnormal sperm morphology is classified as defects in the head, midpiece or tail of the sperm [1]. Head defects include large, small, tapered, pyriform, round, and amorphous heads, heads with a small acrosomal area (<40% of the head area) and double heads, as well as any combination of these. Globozoospermia, where the sperm head appears small and round due to the failure of the acrosome to develop, is an example of a head defect. Midpiece defects include 'bent' neck (where the neck and tail form an angle of greater than 90% to the long axis of the head), asymmetrical insertion of the midpiece into the head, a thick or irregular midpiece, an abnormally thin midpiece (with no mitochondrial sheath), as well as any combination of these. Tail defects include short, multiple, hairpin, broken or bent (>90°) tails, tails of irregular width, coiled tails, as well as any combination of these.A sperm is basically a package of streamlined genetic information. Intuitively, one might expect that a change in chromosome content is reflected by a change in the size of sperm – thus, people expect to see a relationship between sperm morphology and genetic abnormalities.Aberrations in the genetic information of spermatozoa include numerical and structural chromosome abnormalities [2]. Numerical