Sanat Eserleri ve Müze Sigortalar

insurance, expensive premiums have to be paid. We may talk of three different methods within this context, namely stateindemnity schemes, private insurance or self insurance. Whatever the insurance coverage might be, a proper risk management thatwill minimize the probability of a loss has to be considered since the loss will be to present and future generations. Riskmanagement for cultural heritage goods needs a higher level of expertise. Besides the ordinary risk assessment measures it is ofutmost importance to consider the regulation of environmental conditions. This introduces the need for large scale follow upcontrols and hence a risk management program for basic conservation and environmental monitoring has to be set. Thesemeasures should be taken both on their own right as an action towards more affordable insurance premiums.State Indemnity schemes are especially functional when lending a certain collection. In a state indemnity scheme, thegovernment supports the organization of major exhibitions by taking over part of the risk in connection with the loss or damageto the cultural items granted on loan. The state, without the need of an insurance company as a mediator, is committed toproviding compensation for damage directly. When a museum, gallery or library borrows from an institution that is not a nationalone, then under a state indemnity scheme, the government will compensate for any loss over a predetermined value. Thus thegovernment assumes the risk just like an insurance company would. The first countries to adopt a state indemnity scheme wereSweden (1974) and the United States of America (1975). Great Britain created an indemnity scheme in 1980, Germany in 1992and France has had such a system since 1993. Other countries followed in the 80s and 90s. In Norway there are two stateindemnity schemes: one is for incoming loans and is run by the Ministry of Culture and Church Affairs; the other is for outgoingloans and comes under the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In our day, out of the 31 states in the EU there are only 8 that are notwithin the scope of a state indemnity scheme.Besides State Indemnity Schemes cultural objects and collections may be insured under a standart property insurance policyor a fine art insurance policy. Chubb has developed a package policy to cover museums and cultural institutions and is consideredto be one the broadest policies in the insurance market. Some of the fine art insurance policies are seen to be including terms ofguarantees for fire, theft, national and international transportation, earthquake…just as the reg