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Parasites of vectors - Ixodiphagus hookeri and its Wolbachia symbionts in ticks in the Netherlands

DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-4-228

Keywords: Ixodiphagus hookeri, Ixodes ricinus, Parasitic wasp, Tick, Wolbachia

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Abstract:

The 28S rRNA and 16S rRNA genes of a specimen of I. hookeri was amplified and sequenced. PCR on part of the 28S rRNA gene was used to detect parasitic wasp DNA in 349 questing Ixodes ricinus ticks from various sampling sites. Furthermore, the wsp gene of Wolbachia was sequenced from the I. hookeri specimen and a subset of ticks was tested using this marker.Several sequences from tick specimens were identical to the Wolbachia sequence of the I. hookeri specimen. Ixodiphagus hookeri was detected in 9.5% of all tested ticks, varying between 4% and 26% depending on geographic location. Ten out of eleven sampling sites throughout the Netherlands were positive for I. hookeri. Eighty-seven percent of I. hookeri-positive but only 1.6% of I. hookeri-negative ticks were Wolbachia positive. Detection of I. hookeri DNA was strongly associated with the detection of Wolbachia in ticks.This is the first reported case of I. hookeri in the Netherlands. Furthermore I. hookeri harbours Wolbachia species and is broadly distributed in the Netherlands. While detection of Wolbachia DNA in ticks might often be due to parasitism with this wasp, other sources of Wolbachia DNA in ticks might exist as well.Ticks carry numerous microorganisms, ranging from highly pathogenic bacteria to intracellular symbionts. In addition to well-known pathogens including Rickettsia spp., Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. and Anaplasma spp., more and more tick-associated bacteria are discovered with molecular techniques. Initially, the role of such microorganisms for the tick or in the context of public health remains unknown. Several examples can be named here, ranging from probable endosymbionts of ticks like 'Candidatus Midichloria mitochondrii' to 'Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis' which was found recently to be involved in several cases of severe human disease [1-9].Bacteria belonging to the group of Wolbachia pipientis have been detected in several studies in Ixodes ricinus ticks [10-13]. Bacteria from this gro

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