The introduction of Western science and technology knowledge into China during the late Qing dynasty

This article makes a historical review on the introduction of Western science and technology knowledge into China during the late Qing dynasty from 1860s to 1890s. It covers the political background, the philosophy and the actual efforts undertaken by some renowned government officials and academic scholars for the Chinese translation and compilation of various areas of western science and technology textbooks. Specific examples are given for the disciplines of Mechanical Technology (Military), Mathematics, Chemistry, Physics, and Geography.