Quantitative Analysis of Tree Species in Mixed Forests of Mandal Catchments, Garhwal Himalaya

A total of 14 tree species were identified in the study sites, among which Quercus leucotrichophora Hook. F. (Banj oak), Rhododendron arboreum Smith (Burans), Lyonia ovalifolia Drude (Ayar) and Pyrus pashia Buch-Hemp (Mehal) are the predominant tree species. A quantitative analysis of tree species indicates that on the basis of their canopy cover, tree density and total base area, these study sites fall within the category of disturbed forest. The uncontrolled lopping for timber, firewood and leaf fodder and the absence of saplings and seedlings are some of the major factors responsible for the declining of forests in the Himalayan region.