Mitigating Congestion Aware Routing Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks

- Energy efficient protocol is very important in wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) because the nodes in WSNs are usually battery operated sensing devices with limited energy resources and replacing the batteries is usually not an option. We propose a class of algorithms that enforce differentiated routing based on the congested areas of a network and data priority. The basic protocol, called Congestion-Aware Routing (CAR), discovers the congested zone of the network that exists between highpriority data sources and the data sink and, using simple forwarding rules, dedicates this portion of the network to forwarding primarily high-priority traffic. Since CAR requires some overhead for establishing the high-priority routing zone, it is unsuitable for highly mobile data sources. Congestion occurrence in network nodes leads to increase packet loss and energy consumption. Another parameter which affects routing protocol efficiency is providing fairness in nodes energy consumption. When fairness is not considered in routing process, network will be partitioned very soon and then the network performance will be decreased. To overcome these issues, an Index Base Congestion aware Routing Protocol (ICRP) proposed. The proposed protocol is energy efficient routing protocols which try to control congestion and to provide fairness in network. The main goal in ICRP provides solution for better energy utilization of a node and better Quality of Services (QoS).