An Indexed based Congestion Aware Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

Energy efficient protocol is very important in wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) because the nodes in WSNs are usually battery operated sensing devices with limited energy resources and replacing the batteries is usually not an option. Thus energy efficiency is one of the most important issues in WSNs. Routing protocols which only consider energy as their parameter is not efficient. In addition to energy efficiency, using other parameters makes routing protocol more efficient. For different applications, different parameters should be considered. One of the most important parameter is congestion management. Congestion management can affect routing protocol performance. Congestion occurrence in network nodes leads to increase packet loss and energy consumption. Another parameter which affects routing protocol efficiency is providing fairness in nodes energy consumption. When fairness is not considered in routing process, network will be partitioned very soon and then the network performance will be decreased. To overcome these issues, an Index Base Congestion aware Routing Protocol (ICRP) proposed. The proposed protocol is energy efficient routing protocols which try to control congestion and to provide fairness in network. The main goal in ICRP provides solution for better energy utilization of a node and better Quality of Services (QoS).