Effect of conjugated linoleic acid on inhibition of prolyl hydroxylase 1 in hearts of mice

CLA mixture and c9, t11 CLA inhibited PHD1 protein expression and increased the levels of protein and mRNA in HIF-2α in myocardium in mice. Meanwhile, CLA mixture and c9, t11 CLA also elevated the expression of HIF related transcriptional factors like PDK4 and PPARα. The reprogramming of basal metabolism in myocardium in mice was shown on increasing of GLUT4 gene expression by c9, t11 CLA supplemented group. UCP2 was increased by CLA mixture and c9, t11 CLA for attenuating production of ROS.CLA mixture and c9, t11 CLA could inhibit PHD1 and induce HIF-2α in myocardium in mice, which is associated with upregulation of PDK4 by activation of PPARα. This process also implies a reprogramming of basal metabolism and oxidative damage protection in myocardium in mice. All the effects shown in hearts of mice are due to c9, t11 CLA but not t10, c12 CLA.Heart disease like myocardial infarction (MI) or acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and heart ischemia commonly are known as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which are the interruption of blood supply to part of the heart, causing heart cells to die. In 2008, an estimated 17.3 million people died from CVDs in the world, in which over 80% of CVD deaths take place in low-and middle-income countries [1].Oxygen availability is insufficient when inadequate blood supply happens. Cells undergo adaptive changes in gene expression that promote survival in low oxygen (hypoxic) environment. Cellular adaptation to oxygen availability is mediated by the hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs), a member of the basic helix-loop-helix-PAS superfamily which transactivate a host of genes in the nucleus involved in the adaption of hypoxic stress [2]. HIF consists of an unstable α subunit and a stable β subunit that binds DNA at specific locations termed hypoxia response elements (HERs) to regulate many genes expression related to hypoxia [3]. HIF-α subunit is regulatory and unique to the hypoxic response. HIF-β subunit is constitutive and also involved in