A look to the oxidative stress in the cell

The cells of our body are a source of reactive species, which, aided by a dysfunction of antioxidant defenses can attack key molecules, triggering serious disorders such as neurodegeneration. This review describes the reactive species such as superoxide anion radical, hydroxyl anion, hydrogen peroxide, hypochlorous acid, nitric oxide and peroxynitrite also from sources such as the electron transport chain, the monoamine oxidase and NADPH oxidase. It also details the endogenous antioxidant defense mechanisms and as its failure triggers aggregation of proteins, oxidation of nitrogenous bases in the dexoxyrrybonucleic acid (DNA) molecule and lipid peroxidation.