The diagnosis of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal deposition disease: the good, the bad and… ultrasonography!

The diagnosis of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal deposition disease (CPPD) until recent years has been mainly based on the finding of typical crystals of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPP) in the synovial fluid of affected patients and on the presence of typical calcifications on plain X-rays....