ASSESSMENT OF THE ROLES OF VARIOUS CEMENT REPLACEMENTS IN ACHIEVING THE SUSTAINABLE AND HIGH PERFORMANCE CONCRETE

Nowadays, concrete is considered as one of the most important and widely used materials in construction industry. Anyway, the production of the Portland cement (PC) as a necessary constituent of concrete can basically lead to the dangerous impacts on our environment by such as releasing the consequential amount of CO2 that is one of the green house gases responsible for global warming. The emission CO2 (ECO2) level for PC is cited as nearly one ton per ton. It means that production of one ton of PC can lead to produce about one ton of CO2 and other green house gases. Decreasing in use of PC and its replacement with industrial byproducts as cement replacements will have positive effect on environmental, social and economical aspects of each society which are essential in Sustainable Development(SD). The purpose of this paper is to review on the specifications,production method and the degree of effectiveness of some industrial byproducts such as GGBS, Silica Fume and PFA as the cement replacement in achieving high performance and sustainable concrete which can lead to not only improving the performance of the concrete but also reduction of ECO2 by reducing the amount of PC, and that how they can affect in economical, environmental and social aspects possitively. It also intends to recommend some remedial program to increase the willingness of using these types of industrial by-products.