Cadmium: Toxic Effects and Physiological Impairments in Fishes

Cadmium (Cd) is widely distributed in aquatic environments and is an extremely toxic metal commonly found in industrial settings as a key component in the production of batteries, pigments, coatings and electroplating. Fish play an integral role in the aquatic ecosystem food web, and any effects that change the population structure of fish may also alter community and food web dynamics. The consumption of fish is recommended because it is a good source of omega-3 fatty acids, which have been associated with health benefits due to its cardio-protective effects. However, the content of heavy metals such as Cd discovered in some fish makes it difficult to establish clearly the role of fish consumption on a healthy diet. Therefore the present mini-review accounts for the recent evidence of the effect of this toxic metal on fish physiological processes.