Rola j der podstawy w regulacji funkcji poznawczych

According to current knowledge, basal ganglia are nolonger solely associated with movement control. Due tothe complex structural and functional connections of basalganglia with widespread regions of the cortex, especiallywith associative prefrontal cortex, the basal gangliacontribute to many functions, including: selective gatingfunction, selecting between competing actions,maintaining information in the working memory, goalselection, planning and sequencing of behavioural acts.This does not mean that the basal ganglia play that rolethemselves, but rather that the basal ganglia complementthe role of the frontal cortex. To simplify, we can say thatthe role of the basal ganglia with respect to the frontalcortex is initiation of movement and cognitive actions.The basal ganglia in collaboration with the frontal cortexplay a role in the decision-making process, in selectingmotion and cognitive acts, in set shifting and workingmemory. A common source of knowledge on the roleof the basal ganglia in cognitive regulation is provided bythe numerous recently developed neurocomputationalmodels attempting to reproduce the relation betweenthe basal ganglia and the frontal cortex in controllinghigher cognitive functions. Another source of knowledgeis constituted by data resulting from neuroimaging studiesenabling one to detect the activity of selected structuresof the basal ganglia during performance of specificcognitive tasks, as well as by anatomical data.