Setting of conceptual framework of cybernetics and first tubeless computers (1959-1963)

The article presents the data on stages of the early period of enthusiasm about cybernetics and setting the concepts of theoretical apparatus of cybernetics that provided scientific basis for the formulation of the long-term programs in development of cybernetic knowledge, transistor computer programming and formation of the concept of software. Investigated is the structure of scientific apparatus of cybernetics that covers a number of scientific fields. The emergence of the specific to cybernetics and artificial intelligence problems of the experimental method in complex systems (computer simulation) is cosidered. The basis of the long-term program for improvement of the efficiency of computers was put development of the concept of software (computer programming), and new directions in VT (mainframe computers, specialized machines, digital control machine). Complex automation was initiated by creation and testing of computer control system forms. The primary role of Ukrainian scientists in pursuit of these achievements is shown. Analysis of the negative factors that impeded progress in computer engineering and automation is made.