Nerves of the heart: a comprehensive review with a clinical point of view

The heart is an organ which main characteristic is its autonomy of function. Therefore, it is possible to developelementary experiments such as extirpating the heart of a frog (Bufo amenarum), which during a certain amountof time keeps beating and even responding to brady- or tachycardian chemical stimulations. The underlyingcause of this phenomenon is the action of specific solutions, which shower the mentioned organ. However,inside the organism, it adapts its functions to the somatic reality and to the specific moment of that soma. Theseconducts are instrumented by a complex system of information gathering, the adoption of central nervoussystem’s function standards, and the production of functional responses suitable for the different possiblesituations. All these functions are related to cardiac innervation.