Metabolic profiling of Parkinson's disease: evidence of biomarker from gene expression analysis and rapid neural network detection

1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy analysis was carried out on plasma samples of 37 healthy controls and 43 drug-naive patients with PD. Focus on 22 targeted metabolites, 17 were decreased and 5 were elevated in PD patients (p < 0.05). Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) showed that pyruvate is the key metabolite, which contributes to the separation of PD from control samples. Furthermore, gene expression analysis shows significant (p < 0.05) change in expression of PDHB and NPFF genes leading to increased pyruvate concentration in blood plasma. Moreover, the implementation of 1H- NMR spectral pattern in neural network algorithm shows 97.14% accuracy in the detection of disease progression.The results increase the prospect of a robust molecular definition in detection of PD through the early symptomatic phase of the disease. This is an ultimate opening for therapeutic intervention. If validated in a genuinely prospective fashion in larger samples, the biomarker trajectories described here will go a long way to facilitate the development of useful therapies. Moreover, implementation of neural network will be a breakthrough in clinical screening and rapid detection of PD.Parkinson's disease (PD) is a slow, progressive degenerative disorder of the central nervous system [1]. It is characterized by muscle rigidity, tremor, slowing of physical movement (Bradykinesia) and, in extreme cases, loss of physical movement (Akinesia) [2]. The classification of the stages were done based on Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) [3] or on an equivalent rating scale value such as Hoehn and Yahr scale and Schwab and England Activities of Daily Living Scale. The UPDRS has been used extensively by researchers and clinicians around the world. The rating scale is categorized as stages based on bradykinesia, dyskinesias, rigidity, posture, swinging arms, walking, tremor, gesture, seborrhea, speech, sensory complaints, depression, postural stability, in