SCREENING DES ALGUES MARINES D’OUALIDIA A LA RECHERCHE D’ACTIVITES ANTIMICROBIENNE ET ANTI-INFLAMMATOIRE

The antibacterial, antifungal and anti-inflammatory (phospholipase A2 and elastase) activities of 22 species of algae of the Moroccan coast (Rhodophyceae, Phaeophyceae and Chlorophyceae) were evaluated. The extraction from algae was conducted in a solvent mixture of dichloromethane / methanol (v / v). The extracts were tested against 1 strain of Gram-negative bacteria, five strains of Gram-positive bacteria, fungi and yeast by the disk diffusion method. This study showed that eighty six percent of the extracts were active on at least one microbial strain, and sixty-three percent are endowed with important anti-inflammatory activity (> 50% inhibition). On the other hand, the extracts of algae Cystoseira humilis, Bifurcaria bifurcata, Asparagopsis armata and Pterosiphonia complanata showed an interesting antimicrobial effect Hence, extracts of Sargassum muticum and Palmaria palmata showed a significant inhibitory effect of phospholipase A2 and Elastase. Both classes of Phaeophyceae and Rhodophyta showed an antimicrobial activity greater than the class of Chlorophyceae Staphylococcus aureus is the most sensitive bacterium in the tests.