Neuropsicología y Educación. De las neuronas espejo a la teoría de la mente

The recent researches in Neurosciences, and particularly in Neuropsychology, offers contributions of great interest for the education. The brain is the evolutional conquest that makes the learning and teaching possible. The capacity to attribute mind to other people was a key conquest in the process of the evolution of the humanity and it results to be essential in the processes of learning - teaching. The human has mental capacities which allow to interpret and to predict the conduct of others. Because of the Theory of Mind, people can communicate and act with the others, produce and transmit the culture. At the same time, the cultural conquests, tools, symbols and institutions constitute the natural environment for the development of every person. In this report we analyze researches on the Theory of Mind, as well as some pathologies characterized by a deficit in this capacity, as in the autism. We connect these studies with the recent discovery of the Mirror Neurons, which have revolutionized the field of the Neuropsychology.