The magnetization measurements at 5 K were carried out for Ni 2Mn 1 ? xCu xGa (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.40) and Ni 2MnGa 1 ? yCu y (0 ≤ y ≤ 0.25) alloys. All of the magnetization curves are characteristic of ferromagnetism or ferrimagnetism. By using Arrott plot analysis the spontaneous magnetization of all samples was determined from the magnetization curves. The magnetic moment per formula unit, μ s, at 5 K was estimated from the spontaneous magnetization. For Ni 2Mn 1 ? xCu xGa (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.40) alloys μ s at 5 K decreases linearly with increasing x. On the other hand, the μ s at 5 K for Ni 2MnGa 1 ? yCu y (0 ≤ y ≤ 0.25) alloys decreases more steeply with increasing x compared to the μ s for Ni 2Mn 1 ? xCu xGa (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.40) alloys. On the basis of the experimental results, the site-occupation configurations of Ni 2Mn 1 ? xCu xGa (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.40) and Ni 2MnGa 1 ? yCu y (0 ≤ y ≤ 0.25) alloys are proposed.
References
[1]
Magnetism and Structure in Functional Materials; Planes, A., Ma?osa, L., Saxena, A., Eds.; Springer-Verlag: Berlin Heidelberg, Germany, 2005.
[2]
Advances in Magnetic Shape Memory Materials; Chernenko, V.A., Ed.; Trans. Tech. Publications LTD: Zurich, Switzerland, 2011.
[3]
Ullakko, K.; Huang, J.K.; Kantner, C.; O’Handley, R.C.; Kokorin, V.V. Large magnetic-field-induced strains in Ni2MnGa single crystals. Appl. Phys. Lett. 1996, 69, 1966–1969, doi:10.1063/1.117637.
[4]
Sozinov, A.; Likhachev, A.A.; Lanska, N.; Ullakko, K. Giant magnetic-field-induced strain in NiMnGa seven-layered martensitic phase. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2002, 80, 1746–1749, doi:10.1063/1.1458075.
[5]
Pareti, L.; Solzi, M.; Albertini, F.; Paoluzi, A. Giant entropy change at the co-occurrence of structural and magnetic transitions in the Ni2.19Mn0.81Ga Heusler alloy. Eur. Phys. J. B 2003, 32, 303–307, doi:10.1140/epjb/e2003-00102-y.
[6]
Planes, A.; Ma?osa, L.; Acet, M. Magnetocaloric effect and its relation to shape-memory properties in ferromagnetic Heusler alloys. J. Phys. Condens. Matter. 2009, 21, 233201, doi:10.1088/0953-8984/21/23/233201.
[7]
Webster, P.J.; Ziebeck, K.R.A.; Town, S.L.; Peak, M.S. Magnetic order and phase transformation in Ni2MnGa. Phil. Mag. B 1984, 49, 295–310, doi:10.1080/13642817408246515.
[8]
Brown, P.J.; Crangle, J.; Kanomata, T.; Matsumoto, M.; Neumann, K.-U.; Ouladdiaf, B.; Ziebeck, K.R.A. The crystal structure and phase transitions of the magnetic shape memory compound Ni2MnGa. J. Phys. Condens. Matter 2002, 14, 10159.
[9]
Kataoka, M.; Endo, K.; Kudo, N.; Kanomata, T.; Nishihara, H.; Shishido, T.; Umetsu, R.Y.; Nagasako, M.; Kainuma, R. Martensitic transition, ferromagnetic transition, and their interplay in the shape memory alloys Ni2Mn1 ? xCuxGa. Phys. Rev. B 2010, 82, 214423.
[10]
Endo, K.; Kanomata, T.; Kimura, A.; Kataoka, M.; Nishihara, H.; Umetsu, R.Y.; Obara, K.; Shishido, T.; Nagasako, M.; Kainuma, R.; et al. Magnetic phase diagram of the ferromagnetic shape memory alloys Ni2MnGa1 ? xCux. Mater. Sci. Forum 2011, 684, 165–176.
[11]
Khovaylo, V.V.; Buchelnikov, V.D.; Kainuma, R.; Koledov, V.V.; Ohtsuka, M.; Shavrov, V.G.; Takagi, T.; Taskaev, S.V.; Vasiliev, A.N. Phase transitions in Ni2 + xMn1 ? xGa with a high Ni excess. Phys. Rev. B 2005, 72, 224408.
[12]
Kanomata, T.; Nozawa, T.; Kikuchi, D.; Nishihara, H.; Koyama, K.; Watanabe, K. Magnetic properties of ferromagnetic shape memory alloys Ni2 ? xCuxMnGa. Int. J. Appl. Electro. Mech. 2005, 21, 151–157.
[13]
Ahuja, B.L.; Sharma, B.K.; Mathur, S.; Heda, N.L.; Itou, M.; Andrejczuk, A.; Sakurai, Y.; Chakrabarti, A.; Banik, S.; Awasthi, A.M.; et al. Magnetic Compton scattering study of Ni2 + xMn1 ? xGa ferromagnetic shape-memory alloys. Phys. Rev. B 2007, 75, 134403.
[14]
Li, C.M.; Luo, H.B.; Hu, Q.M.; Yang, R.; Johansson, B.; Vitos, L. Site preference and elastic properties of Fe-, Co-, and Cu-doped Ni2MnGa shape memory alloys from first principles. Phys. Rev. B 2011, 84, 024206.
[15]
Fujii, S.; Ishida, S.; Asano, S. Electronic structure and lattice transformation in Ni2MnGa and Co2NbSn. J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 1989, 58, doi:10.1143/JPSJ.58.3657.
[16]
Ayuela, A.; Enkovaara, J.; Ullakko, K.; Nieminen, R.M. Structural properties of magnetic Heusler alloys. J. Phys. Condens. Matter 1999, 11, doi:10.1088/0953-8984/11/8/014.
[17]
Velikokhatny?, O.I.; Naumov, I.I. Electronic structure and instability of Ni2MnGa. Phys. Solid State 1999, 41, 617–623, doi:10.1134/1.1130837.
[18]
Godlevsky, V.V.; Rabe, K.M. Soft tetragonal distortions in ferromagnetic Ni2MnGa and related materials from first principles. Phys. Rev. B 2001, 63, 134407, doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.63.134407.
[19]
Ayuela, A.; Enkovaara, J.; Nieminen, R.M. Ab initio study of tetragonal variants in Ni2MnGa alloy. J. Phys. Condens. Matter 2002, 14, doi:10.1088/0953-8984/14/21/307.
[20]
Barman, S.R.; Banik, S.; Chakrabarti, A. Structural and electronic properties of Ni2MnGa. Phys. Rev. B 2005, 72, 184410.
[21]
Kulkova, S.E.; Eremeev, S.V.; Kakeshita, T.; Kulkov, S.S.; Rudenski, G.E. The electronic structure and magnetic properties of full- and half-Heusler alloys. Mater. Trans. 2006, 47, 599–606, doi:10.2320/matertrans.47.599.
[22]
Galanakis, I.; ?a??o?lu, E. Variation of the magnetic properties of Ni2MnGa Heusler alloy upon tetragonalization: A first-principles study. J. Phys. D 2011, 44, 235001, doi:10.1088/0022-3727/44/23/235001.
[23]
Enkovaara, J.; Heczko, O.; Ayuela, A.; Nieminen, R.M. Coexistence of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic order in Mn-doped Ni2MnGa. Phys. Rev. B 2003, 67, 212405, doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.67.212405.
[24]
a??o?lu, E.; Sandratskii, L.M.; Bruno, P. Pressure dependence of the Curie temperature in Ni2MnSn Heusler alloy: A first-principles study. Phys. Rev. B 2005, 71, 214412, doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.71.214412.
[25]
Chieda, Y.; Kanomata, T.; Fukushima, K.; Matsubayashi, K.; Uwatoko, Y.; Kainuma, R.; Oikawa, K.; Ishida, K.; Obara, K.; Shishido, T. Magnetic properties of Mn-rich Ni2MnSn Heusler alloys under pressure. J. Alloys Compd. 2009, 486, 51–54.
[26]
Khovaylo, V.V.; Kanomata, T.; Tanaka, T.; Nakashima, M.; Amako, Y.; Kainuma, R.; Umetsu, R.Y.; Morito, H.; Miki, H. Magnetic properties of Ni50Mn34.8In15.2 probed by M?ssbauer spectroscopy. Phys. Rev. B 2009, 80, 144409.
[27]
Lázpita, P.; Barandiarán, J.M.; Gutiérrez, J.; Feuchtwanger, J.; Chernenko, V.A.; Richard, M.L. Magnetic moment and chemical order in off-stoichiometric Ni–Mn–Ga ferromagnetic shape memory alloys. New J. Phys. 2011, 13, 033039, doi:10.1088/1367-2630/13/3/033039.