The Kaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Center is a specialized research organization in Oakland, California. They have been an active vaccine research group for many years, and have participated in and led a multitude of vaccine studies. This article will review the last three years of research activities.
References
[1]
Baxter, R.; Baine, Y.; Ensor, K.; Bianco, V.; Friedland, L.R.; Miller, J.M. Immunogenicity and safety of an investigational quadrivalent meningococcal ACWY tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine in healthy adolescents and young adults 10 to 25 years of age. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 2011, 30, e41–e48, doi:10.1097/INF.0b013e3182054ab9.
[2]
Klein, N.; Baine, Y.; Bianco, V.; Lestrate, P.; Naz, A.; Blatter, M.; Friedland, L.; Miller, J. One or two doses of quadrivalent meningococcal serogroups A, C, W-135 and Y tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine is immunogenic in 9–12 month old children. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 2012, doi:10.1097/INF.0b013e31828693c5.
[3]
Klein, N.P.; Weston, W.M.; Kuriyakose, S.; Kolhe, D.; Howe, B.; Friedland, L.R.; van der Meeren, O. An open-label, randomized, multi-center study of the immunogenicity and safety of DTaP-IPV (Kinrix) co-administered with MMR vaccine with or without varicella vaccine in healthy pre-school age children. Vaccine 2012, 30, 668–674, doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.10.065.
[4]
Blatter, M.M.; Klein, N.P.; Shepard, J.S.; Leonardi, M.; Shapiro, S.; Schear, M; Mufson, M.A.; Martin, J.M.; Varman, M.; Grogg, S.; et al. Immunogenicity and safety of two tetravalent (measles, mumps, rubella, varicella) vaccines coadministered with hepatitis A and pneumococcal conjugate vaccines to children twelve to fourteen months of age. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 2012, 31, e133–e140, doi:10.1097/INF.0b013e318259fc8a.
[5]
Trofa, A.F.; Klein, N.P.; Paul, I.M.; Michaels, M.G.; Goessler, M.; Chandrasekaran, V.; Blatter, M. Immunogenicity and safety of an inactivated hepatitis A vaccine when coadministered with Diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis and haemophilus influenzae type B vaccines in children 15 months of age. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 2011, 30, e164–e169, doi:10.1097/INF.0b013e31821b8a7d.
[6]
Reisinger, K.S.; Baxter, R.; Block, S.L.; Shah, J.; Bedell, L.; Dull, P.M. Quadrivalent meningococcal vaccination of adults: Phase III comparison of an investigational conjugate vaccine, MenACWY-CRM, with the licensed vaccine, Menactra. Clin. Vaccine Immunol. 2009, 16, 1810–1815, doi:10.1128/CVI.00207-09.
[7]
Klein, N.P.; Shepard, J.; Bedell, L.; Odrljin, T.; Dull, P. Immunogenicity and safety of a quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine administered concomitantly with measles, mumps, rubella, varicella vaccine in healthy toddles. Vaccine 2012, 30, 3929–3936, doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.03.080.
[8]
Halperin, S.A.; Gupta, A.; Jeanfreau, R.; Klein, N.P.; Reisinger, K.; Walter, E.; Bedell, L.; Gill, C.; Dull, P.M. Comparison of the safety and immunogenicity of an investigational and a licensed quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine in children 2–10 years of age. Vaccine 2010, 28, 7865–7872, doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.09.092.
[9]
Gill, C.J.; Baxter, R.; Anemona, A.; Ciavarro, G.; Dull, P. Persistence of immune responses after a single dose of Novartis meningococcal serogroup A, C, W-135 and Y CRM-197 conjugate vaccine (Menveo(R)) or Menactra(R) among healthy adolescents. Hum. Vaccine 2011, 6, 881–887.
[10]
Klein, N.P.; Reisinger, K.S.; Johnston, W.; Odrljin, T.; Gill, C.J.; Bedell, L.; Dull, P. Safety and immunogenicity of a novel quadrivalent meningococcal CRM-conjugate vaccine given concomitantly with routine vaccinations in infants. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 2012, 31, 64–71, doi:10.1097/INF.0b013e31823dce5c.
[11]
Leav, B.A.; Blair, B.; Leney, M.; Knauber, M.; Reilly, C.; Lowy, I.; Gerding, D.N.; Kelly, C.P.; Katchar, K.; Baxter, R.; et al. Serum anti-toxin B antibody correlates with protection from recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). Vaccine 2009, 28, 965–969.
[12]
Lowy, I.; Molrine, D.C.; Leav, B.A.; Blair, B.M.; Baxter, R.; Gerding, D.N.; Nichol, G.; Thomas, W.D., Jr.; Leney, M.; Sloan, S.; et al. Treatment with monoclonal antibodies against Clostridium difficile toxins. N. Engl. J. Med. 2010, 362, 197–205, doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0907635.
[13]
Baxter, R.; Patriarca, P.A.; Ensor, K.; Izikson, R.; Goldenthal, K.L.; Cox, M.M. Evaluation of the safety, reactogenicity and immunogenicity of FluBlok(R) trivalent recombinant baculovirus-expressed hemagglutinin influenza vaccine administered intramuscularly to healthy adults 50–64 years of age. Vaccine 2011, 29, 2272–2278, doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.01.039.
[14]
Klein, N.P.; Ensor, K.; Jouve, S.; Moscariello, M.; McGovern, P. Long-term Immune Response to Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines: 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Children Previously Vaccinated with 7-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 2013. in press.
[15]
Chatterjee, A.; O’Keefe, C.; Varman, M.; Klein, N.P.; Luber, S.; Tomovici, A.; Noriega, F. Comparative immunogenicity and safety of different multivalent component pertussis vaccine formulations and a 5-component acellular pertussis vaccine in infants and toddlers: A randomized, controlled, open-label, multicenter study. Vaccine 2012, 30, 3360–3368, doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.03.057.
[16]
Fireman, B.; Lee, J.; Lewis, N.; Bembom, O.; van der Laan, M.; Baxter, R. Influenza vaccination and mortality: Differentiating vaccine effects from bias. Am. J. Epidemiol. 2009, 170, 650–656, doi:10.1093/aje/kwp173.
[17]
Baxter, R.; Lee, J.; Fireman, B. Evidence of bias in studies of influenza vaccine effectiveness in elderly patients. J. Infect. Dis. 2010, 201, 186–189, doi:10.1086/649568.
[18]
Klein, N.P.; Hansen, J.; Lewis, E.; Lyon, L.; Nguyen, B.; Black, S.; Weston, W.M.; Wu, S.; Li, P.; Howe, B.; et al. Post-marketing safety evaluation of a tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid and 3-component acellular pertussis vaccine administered to a cohort of adolescents in a United States health maintenance organization. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 2010, 29, 613–617, doi:10.1097/INF.0b013e3181d581f9.
[19]
Baxter, R.; Toback, S.L.; Sifakis, F.; Hansen, J.; Bartlett, J.; Aukes, L.; Lewis, N.; Wu, X.; Ambrose, C.S. A postmarketing evaluation of the safety of Ann Arbor strain live attenuated influenza vaccine in children 5 through 17 years of age. Vaccine 2012, 30, 2989–2998, doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.02.039.
[20]
Baxter, R.; Toback, S.L.; Sifakis, F.; Hansen, J.; Bartlett, J.; Aukes, L.; Lewis, N.; Wu, X.; Ambrose, C.S. A postmarketing evaluation of the safety of Ann Arbor strain live attenuated influenza vaccine in adults 18–49 years of age. Vaccine 2012, 30, 3053–3060, doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.02.080.
[21]
Toback, S.; Ambrose, C.; Eaton, A.; Hansen, J.; Aukes, L.; Lewis, N.; Wu, X.; Baxter, R. A Postlicensure evaluation of the safety of ann arbor strain live attenuated influenza vaccine in children 24 to 59 months of age. Vaccine 2013, 31, 1812–1818, doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.01.055.
[22]
Klein, N.P.; Hansen, J.; Chao, C.; Velicer, C.; Emery, M.; Slezak, J.; Lewis, N.; Deosaransingh, K.; Sy, L.; Ackerson, B.; et al. Safety of quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine administered routinely to females. Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. 2012, 166, 1140–1148, doi:10.1001/archpediatrics.2012.1451.
[23]
Jacobsen, S.J.; Sy, L.S.; Ackerson, B.K.; Chao, C.R.; Slezak, J.M.; Cheetham, T.C.; Takhar, H.S.; Velicer, C.M.; Hansen, J; Klein, N.P. An unmasking phenomenon in an observational post-licensure safety study of adolescent girls and young women. Vaccine 2012, 30, 4585–4587, doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.04.103.
[24]
Baxter, R.; Tran, T.; Hansen, J.; Emery, M.; Fireman, B.; Bartlett, J.; Saddier, P. Safety of Zostavax—A cohort study in a managed care organization. Vaccine 2012, 30, 6636–6641, doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.08.070.
[25]
Bartlett, J.; Baxter, R.; Klein, N. Mortality after Zostavax vaccination (Poster). In NFID Annual Conference on Vaccine Research, Bethesda, MD, USA, 27 April 2010.
Zhang, L.; Hansen, J.; Greenberg, D.; Klein, N.; Baxter, R. Post-licensure Safety Surveillance Study of Routine Use of Meningococcal (Groups A, C, Y, and W-135) Polysaccharide Diphtheria Toxoid Conjugate Vaccine (MenACWY-D—Menactra)—Poster Presentation. In Infectious Diseases Society of America Conference, San Diego, CA, USA, 3 October 2012.
[28]
Baggs, J.; Gee, J.; Lewis, E.; Fowler, G.; Benson, P.; Lieu, T.; Naleway, A.; Klein, N.P.; Baxter, R.; Belongia, E.; et al. The Vaccine Safety Datalink: A model for monitoring immunization safety. Pediatrics 2011, 127, S45–S53, doi:10.1542/peds.2010-1722H.
[29]
Rowhani-Rahbar, A.K.N.; Lewis, N.; Fireman, B.; Ray, P.; Rasgon, B.; Black, S.; Klein, J.O.; Baxter, R. Immunization and Bell’s Palsy in Children: A Case-Centered Analysis. Am. J. Epidemiol. 2012, 175, 878–885, doi:10.1093/aje/kws011.
[30]
Baxter, R.; Bakshi, N.; Lewis, E.; Ray, P.; Vellozzi, C.; Klein, N.P. Lack of Association of Guillain-Barré Syndrome with Vaccination. Clin. Infect. Dis. 2013, doi:10.1093/cid/cit222.
[31]
Klein, N.P.; Fireman, B.; Yih, W.K.; Lewis, E.; Kulldorff, M.; Ray, P.; Baxter, R.; Hambidge, S.; Nordin, J.; Naleway, A.; et al. Measles-mumps-rubella-varicella combination vaccine and the risk of febrile seizures. Pediatrics 2010, 126, e1–e8, doi:10.1542/peds.2010-0665.
[32]
Lewis, N.; Fireman, B.; Klein, N.; Baxter, R. Exact Sequential Analysis for Vaccine Safety Surveillance (presentation). In NFID Annual Conference on Vaccine Research, Baltimore, MD, USA, 28 April 2009.
[33]
Klein, N.P.; Lewis, E.; Baxter, R.; Weintraub, E.; Glanz, J.; Naleway, A.; Jackson, L.A.; Nordin, J.; Lieu, T.; Belongia, E.A.; Fireman, B. Measles-containing vaccines and febrile seizures in children age 4 to 6 years. Pediatrics 2012, 129, 809–814, doi:10.1542/peds.2011-3198.
[34]
Rowhani-Rahbar, A.; Fireman, B.; Lewis, E.; Nordin, J.; Naleway, A.; Jacobsen, S.J.; Jackson, L.A.; Tse, A.; Belongia, E.A.; Hambidge, S.J.; et al. Effect of Age on the Risk of Fever and Seizures Following Immunization with Measles-Containing Vaccines in Children. JAMAPediatr. 2013. in press.
[35]
Ray, P.; Black, S.; Shinefield, H.; Dillon, A.; Carpenter, D.; Lewis, E.; Ross, P.; Chen, R.T.; Klein, N.P.; Baxter, R. for the Vaccine Safety Datalink Team. Risk of rheumatoid arthritis following vaccination with tetanus, influenza and hepatitis B vaccines among persons 15–59 years of age. Vaccine 2011, 29, 6592–6597, doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.06.112.
[36]
Klein, N.P.; Aukes, L.; Lee, J.; Fireman, B.; Shapira, S.K.; Slade, B.; Baxter, R.; Summar, M. Evaluation of immunization rates and safety among children with inborn errors of metabolism. Pediatrics 2011, 127, e1139–e1146, doi:10.1542/peds.2010-3706.
Navar-Boggan, A.M.; Halsey, N.A.; Golden, W.C.; Escobar, G.J.; Massolo, M.; Klein, N.P. Risk of fever and sepsis evaluations after routine immunizations in the neonatal intensive care unit. J. Perinatol. 2010, 30, 604–609, doi:10.1038/jp.2010.8.
[42]
Navar-Boggan, A.M.; Halsey, N.A.; Escobar, G.J.; Golden, W.C.; Klein, N.P. Underimmunization at discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit. J. Perinatol. 2011, 32, 363–367.
[43]
Baxter, R.; Ray, G.T.; Fireman, B.H. Effect of influenza vaccination on hospitalizations in persons aged 50 years and older. Vaccine 2010, 28, 7267–7272, doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.08.088.
[44]
Klein, N.P.; Bartlett, J.; Rowhani-Rahbar, A.; Fireman, B.; Baxter, R. Waning protection after fifth dose of acellular pertussis vaccine in children. N. Engl. J. Med. 2012, 367, 1012–1019, doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1200850.
[45]
Baxter, R.; Bartlett, J.; Rowhani-Rahbar, A.; Fireman, B.; Klein, N. Effectiveness of adolescent and adult pertussis vaccines. 2013. submitted.
[46]
Klein, N.; Bartlett, J.; Fireman, B.; Rowhani-Rahbar, A.; Baxter, R. Comparative Effectiveness of Acellular versus Whole Cell Pertussis Vaccines in Teenagers. Pediatrics 2013. in press.
[47]
Saddier, P.; Hansen, J.; Emery, M.; Fireman, B.; Tran, T.; Baxter, R. Interim Results Should Be Taken with Caution: Example of a Vaccine Safety Study (poster). In Proceeding of the Internation Conference on PharmacoEpidemiology (ICPE), Brighton, UK, 20 August 2010.
[48]
Chao, C.; Klein, N.P.; Velicer, C.M.; Sy, L.S.; Slezak, J.M.; Takhar, H.; Ackerson, B.; Cheetham, T.C.; Hansen, J.; Deosaransingh, K.; et al. Surveillance of autoimmune conditions following routine use of quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine. J. Intern. Med. 2011, 271, 193–203.
[49]
Baxter, R.; O’Hara, F.; Ray, G.; Brown, M.; Mera, R.; Amrine-Madsen, H.; Suaya, J. USA300 Is a Common Clone in Staphylococcus aureus Healthcare-associated Infections and Invasive Infections (poster). In Infectious Diseases Society of America Conference, San Diego, CA, USA, 3 October 2012.
[50]
Ray, G.T.; Suaya, J.A.; Baxter, R. Trends and characteristics of culture-confirmed Staphylococcus aureus infections in a large U. S. integrated health care organization. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2012, 50, 1950–1957, doi:10.1128/JCM.00134-12.
[51]
Ray, G.; Suaya, J.A.; Baxter, R. Microbiology of Skin and Soft Tissue Infections in the Age of Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 2013, doi:10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2013.02.020.
[52]
Ray, G.; Suaya, J.A.; Baxter, R. Incidence, Microbiology, and Patient Characteristics of Skin and Soft-Tissue Infections in a U.S. Population: A Retrospective Population-Based Study. 2013. submitted.
[53]
Rowhani-Rahbar, A.; Baxter, R.; Rasgon, B.; Ray, P.; Black, S.; Klein, J.O.; Klein, N.P. Epidemiologic and Clinical Features of Bell’s Palsy among Children in Northern California. Neuroepidemiology 2012, 38, 252–258, doi:10.1159/000338303.
[54]
Camenga, D.; Dunne, E.; Desai, M.; Gee, J.; Markowitz, L.; Klein, N. Incidence of Genital Warts among Adolescents and Young Adults Prior to HPV Vaccination. Sex. Transm. Dis. 2013. In press.
[55]
Baxter, R. Surveillance lessons from first-wave pandemic (H1N1) 2009, Northern California, USA. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2010, 16, 504–506, doi:10.3201/eid1603.091285.
[56]
Baxter, R. Patterns of Influenza Seasonal Activity over Time (poster). In Infectous Diseases Society of America Conference, San Diego, CA, USA, 3 October 2012.
