Identificación de las islas de calor de verano e invierno en la ciudad de Toluca, México

In recent years, several changes occur around climate variability on the planet. One reason is population growth, which has been established and concentrated in cities that have had manifestations in the urban environment as in the city of Toluca, which identifies several factors that lead to temperature increase mainly in the downtown area. The objective of this research was to identify the heat island in summer and winter using atmospheric data, to know its spatial distribution in the city of Toluca in ideal weather conditions. For this, nine measurement stations were located during two typical days, one in summer and another in winter. Weather stations collected field temperature data every 15 minutes, considering weather conditions of clear skies, wind speed below 2 m/s, atmospheric stability and height differences less than 100 m to avoid the effect of vertical temperature gradient. We found a heat island in summer and winter, whose location is the largest area of urban infrastructure and installed clearly towards the city center. Numerous buildings and structures made of materials that absorb heat are located there; this area has a high concentration of vehicles, and is characterized by the lack of vegetation and water bodies. The calculated temperature difference between daytime and nighttime measurements for summer and winter ranges from 4,0°C to 5,0°C.