An acute myeloblastic leukemia case who was diagnosed as breast cancer 24 and 4 years ago

To our knowledge, no acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) development has been observed in bilateral breast cancer (BC) patients. A 57-year-old woman was admitted for epistaxis attacks. She was diagnosed as therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)-AML and later died due to multiple organ failure. She had mastectomy and radiotherapy (RT) for invasive ductal cancer (IDC) when referred to the hospital with a lump in her right breast 24 years ago. Evaluation for a lump in her left breast 4 years ago also resulted in IDC diagnosis. Mastectomy, RT and chemotherapy including anthracycline (A) and cyclophosphamide (C) were performed. During the follow-up, cough developed and examination showed right pulmonary infiltration and paratracheal lymphadenomegaly. Biopsy showed IDC infiltration. She underwent chemotherapy with AC. Drugs and RT, which are known to have leukemogenic effect in BC, should be used carefully because treatment-related leukemias are resistant to treatment.