The evaluation of the uterine cavity pathologies after abortion with hysteroscopy

Objective: To investigate the anatomy of uterine cavity in cases with history of spontaneous pregnancy loss. Material and Methods: This prospective cohort study was approved by Local Ethical Committee on 18th March 2009 with the application number of 179. 40 cases with at least two of them before 12 weeks of pregnancy or at least one miscarriage after 12 weeks of pregnancy and have no live birth are included in this study. The uterine cavity was evaluated with TVUSG after menstruation. Right after this examination hysteroscopy was performed to rule out uterine malformations. Results: A total of 40 patients with a median age of 28.70 years (range, 20-44 years) were enrolled in the current study. The number of miscarriages ranged between one and six while the median is 2.92. Uterine malformation is observed in 13 (32.5%) of cases. 25% of this uterine anomalies were congenital (uterus septus, uterus subseptus, uterus bicornis) while 7.5% were acquired pathologies (submucous leiomyoma, endometrial polyp, adhesion). When we compared early abortion cases with late abortions, there was no statistical significance with respect to the rate of uterine malformations. There was no significant difference in uterine malformations among cases with two consecutive abortions and three or more consecutive abortions. It was observed that the use of transvaginal ultrasonography in screening uterine malformations is not adequate because of low sensitivity. Conclusion: Hysteroscopy is the gold standart in the evaluation of uterine cavity in spontaneous pregnancy loss. TVUSG is not adequate in evaluation because of its low sensitivity. Cases admitting with two consecutive abortions who seek for the etiology, hysteroscopy is a feasible method.