Transcatheter Management of Non-Bronchial Systemic Arteries Causing Hemoptysis in a Patient with Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis is the leading cause of hemoptysis in developing countries. The underlying cause of hemoptysis in chronic lung inflammation such as tuberculosis is an enlarged bronchial and/or non-bronchial arteries. Bronchial artery embolization is a well known and effective way of treatment for hemoptysis. Embolization of the non-bronchial arterial supply to the bronchial artery distribution is also described for management of hemoptysis in a number of studies. Herein, we present a series of endovascular treatment sessions of a unique tuberculosis patient with massive hemoptysis who developed multiple hypertrophic non-bronchial systemic arteries from a variety of sources, as well as enlarged bronchial arteries.