Parent-reported health care expenditures associated with autism spectrum disorders in Heilongjiang province, China

In this cross-sectional study, health care expenditure data were collected through face-to-face interviews. Expenses included annual costs for clinic visits, medication, behavioral therapy, transportation, and accommodations. Health care costs as a percentage of total household income and expenditures were also determined. The participants included 290 families with ASD children who were treated at the Children Development and Behavior Research Center, Harbin Medical University, China.Families with ASD children from urban and rural areas had higher per-capita household expenditures by 60.8% and 74.7%, respectively, compared with provincial statistics for 2007. Behavioral therapy accounted for the largest proportion of health expenses (54.3%) for ASD children. In 19.9% of urban and 38.2% of rural families, health care costs exceeded the total annual household income. Most families (89.3% of urban families; 88.1% of rural families) in that province reported higher health care expenditures than the provincial household average.For families with ASD children, the economic burden of health care is substantially higher than the provincial average.Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a group of developmental disabilities characterized by pervasive deficits in socialization and communication, as well as unusual behaviors or interests [1]. Children with autism can present a broad range of clinical features including qualitative developmental and neurological abnormalities, as well as sensory/motor symptoms, epilepsy, cognitive dysfunction, severe impairments in adaptive behavior, and aberrant regulation of emotion [1,2]. ASD include autism, Asperger syndrome and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS). The impairments range from mild to severe.China has the world's largest population. Since four children with autism were first identified in Nanjing in 1982, interest in autism has increased. The number of newly diagnosed cases of ASD seeking medical