Síndrome da lise tumoral: um panorama

The tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a serious condition, caused by the massive liberation of nucleic acids,potassium and phosphates in the blood. This condition is the result of tumor cell lysis, often hematologic cells, whichare characterized by a fast proliferation capacity and high sensitiveness to pharmaceutical drugs. TLS may also occurbefore beginning the treatment due to the spontaneous cell death in the tumor, frequently worsening whenchemotherapy is initiated. TLS presents high mortality, therefore its prevention keeps being a major therapeuticmeasure. Prevention is extremely dependent on precocious identification of the clinical and laboratorial characteristics,as well as the signs and symptoms of the patients exposed to risk. The establishment of prophylactic measures, speciallyhydration and administration of allopurinol and rasburicase is vital. Precocious identification and the treatment ofmetabolic abnormalities prevent serious life threatening complications associated to TLS.