Insecticide effects of Ruta graveolens, Copaifera langsdorffii and Chenopodium ambrosioides against pests and natural enemies in commercial tomato plantation = A o inseticida de Ruta graveolens, Copaifera langsdorffii e Chenopodium ambrosioides sobre pragas de tomate

The aim of this study was to evaluate the insecticide effect of watery leaf extracts of Ruta graveolens (Rutaceae), alcoholic leaf extracts of Copaifera langsdorffii (Caesalpinaceae) and Chenopodium ambrosioides (Chenopodiaceae) in the concentration of 5% under field conditions. The experiment design was randomized blocks with six replications. The parcels treated with plant extracts showed reduction in the population of pests when compared with the controlparcels. The extract elaborated with C. langsdorffii presented greater insecticidal effect under Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and sum of pests. It was verified that after 24 hours ofspraying, the parcels treated with the extract of C. ambrosioides presented minor numbers of adults of Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), followed by the parcels treated with extract of R.graveolens. There were smaller numbers of parasitoid eggs of epidopterans Trichogramma sp. (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) and sum of natural enemies (predators + parasitoids) in the parcels that had received spraying with extracts from the plants of C. langsdorffii and C. ambrosioides, followed by R. graveolens, compared to the control. There were a smaller number of parasitoids from the family Eulophidae (Hymenoptera) attacking caterpillars of T. absoluta in plants treated with R. graveolens, followed by C. langsdorffii and C. ambrosioides than in the control. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito inseticida dos extratos aquosos de folhas de Ruta graveolens (Rutaceae) e alcoólicos de folhas de Copaifera langsdorffii (Caesalpinaceae) e de folhas de Chenopodium ambrosioides (Chenopodiaceae) a 5%. O experimento foi em blocos casualizados com seis repeti es. As parcelas tratadas tiveram redu o na popula o de pragas, quando comparadas às parcelas sem nenhum tratamento. O extrato elaborado com C. langsdorffii apresentou maior efeito inseticida em Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) e soma das pragas. Verificou-se que após 24h de pulveriza o, as parcelas tratadas com o extrato de C. ambrosioides apresentaram menores números de adultos de Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) seguido pelas parcelas tratadas com extrato de R. graveolens. Foram observados menores números do parasitoide de ovos de lepidópteros Trichogramma sp. (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) e da soma dos inimigos naturais (predadores + parasitoides) nos tratamentos que receberam as pulveriza es com os extratos das plantas de C. langsdorffii e C. ambrosioides seguido por R. graveolens do que na testemunha; do parasitoide da família Eulophid