Vitamin D reduces falls and hip fractures in vascular Parkinsonism but not in Parkinson’s disease

Yoshihiro Sato,1 Jun Iwamoto,2 Yoshiaki Honda,1 Nobuko Amano3 1Department of Neurology, Mitate Hospital, Tagawa, Japan; 2Institute for Integrated Sports Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; 3Department of Food and Nutrition, Tezukayama University, Nara, Japan Purpose: Vitamin D supplementation is suggested to reduce the risk of falls in older institutionalized or ambulatory individuals by 20%. The present study was undertaken to address the reduced risk, by vitamin D supplementation, of falls and hip fractures in patients with vascular Parkinsonism (VP) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). Patients and methods: In the open-label-study, 94 elderly patients with VP and 92 age-matched patients with PD were followed for 2 years. All patients received 1200 IU ergocalciferol daily. The number of falls per person and incidence of hip fractures were compared between the two groups. Results: At baseline, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) levels were in the deficient range (<25 nmol/L) in all patients, and vitamin D treatment enhanced serum 25-OHD and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels in both groups. Improved muscle strength of lower extremities was observed in both groups. There was significant difference between the two groups in the number of falls per subject during the 2 years (1.9 ± 0.5 in the PD group and 0.8 ± 0.4 in the VP group, P < 0.001). Hip fractures occurred in seven of 88 in the PD group and one in 90 of the VP group during the 2-year study period (P = 0.035). Conclusion: It is suggested that vitamin D decreases falls and hip fractures in VP by increasing muscle strength but not in PD. Keywords: fall, hip fracture, Parkinson’s disease, vascular Parkinsonism, vitamin D