Various approaches for Secondary Metabolite Production through Plant Tissue Culture

There is great interest in developing alternatives to the intact plant for the production metabolites. This originally had centred on the use of tissue and cell cultures though approaches involve applying molecular biology techniques to enhance the metabolic pathways leading to specific compounds. During the past three decades, research has concentrated on the use of plant cell and tissue cultures. The techniques of plant cell cultures include the following sequential stages or developments: selection among wild plants of a high-producing one, in-vitro culture or callogenesis, which involves the selection and stabilization of producing calli with a view to identifying a high-producing line or strain; maximizing callus or cell suspension, culture conditions and isolation of the best- producing line; industrial scaling-up, mass cultivation in bioreactors; downstream processing, i.e. extraction and purification of the compounds sought.