Contemporary applications of orthodontic miniscrew implants for the treatment of Class II malocclusion.

Class II malocclusion is a widespread condition and various alternatives have been proposed for its treatment, including functional appliances, headgears and non-compliance devices. Unfortunately, these appliances either require patients’ cooperation in order to be effective or they can cause unwanted side effects that complicate the desired treatment outcome. During the last decades, miniscrew implants have been used as temporary anchorage devices, establishing another therapeutic option for several orthodontic problems, including Class II malocclusions. Miniscrew implants, compared to conventional orthodontic implants, are partially or not osseointegrated at all and provide temporary, yet skeletal or "absolute" anchorage. Their mechanical properties in conjunction with their relatively simple clinical application have increased their popularity and have introduced them as an effective treatment alternative in management of severe malocclusions that were considered as impossible to treat otherwise. This has led to several treatment approaches that combine miniscrew implants with various appliances or devices, aiming to accomplish the desirable orthodontic movements without any adverse effects caused by loss of anchorage or lack of patient cooperation.The aim of this literature review is to present and discuss in a comprehensive way the various clinical applications of the miniscrew implants for the treatment of Class II malocclusion.