Epidemiology of multi-resistant bacteria in an intensive care unit of a university hospital in Marrakech from October 2006 to September 2009

Introduction: The intensive care units, “the epicenter of resistance to antibiotics”, are and will remain the place where multidrug–resistant bacteria infections are more frequent, in spite of the preventive measures in force. Material and methods: This work is a retrospective study of 3 years duration (beginning in October 2006 to end of September 2009) reporting the epidemiology of the multidrug–resistant bacteria infections isolated from different bacteriological samples for diagnosis emanating from the ICU (intensive care unit) of Avicenna Military Hospital of Marrakesh (HMA). The identification of bacterial strains as well as the relative antibiogram are achieved by automated method and the resistance phenotypes are determined by the methods of agar diffusion as recommended by the antibiogram committee of the French Society of Microbiology. Results and discussion: Over a period of 03 years, 84 clinical isolates of multidrug-resistant bacteria were isolated from 414 pathological specimens from the ICU of the hospital. The multi-resistant bacterial strains (BMR) (n = 84) are largely predominated by Acinetobacter sp (n = 40) followed by Enterobacteria producing extended spectrum betalactamases (n = 26), Enterobacteria secreting hyperproduced céphalosporinases (n= 8), Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistant to the ceftazidime (n=6), and finally Staphylococcus aureus resistant to meticilline SARM (n=4). No enterocoque resistant to the glycopeptides was insulated. The evolution of multidrug resistance to antibiotics over the past 3 years, was marked by the emergence of Acinetobacter. The monitoring of bacterial multi resistance is a necessity in ICU provider of nosocomial infections.