Effects of High Carbohydrate Low Fat Nigerian-Like Diet on Biochemical Indices in Rabbits

The effects of High Carbohydrate Low Fat (HCLF) diet on biochemical indices were evaluated in rabbits. The diet consisting of 85% carbohydrate and 5% fat as % of total energy in a wholly compounded form was administered to rabbits. Twelve rabbits were randomly divided into two groups of six rabbits per group. The groups were Group I fed the control diet and the second group II was fed with the low protein high carbohydrate diet. At the end of eight weeks, the animals in each group were sacrificed and analysis done on blood samples of the rabbits. Results showed that the total protein, albumin and globulin were significantly (p<0.05) lowered for the rabbits fed a HCLF diet. Aspartate transaminase EC2.6.1.1 (AST) and Alanine transaminase EC.2.6.1.2 (ALT) levels increased significantly (p<0.05) while Alkaline phosphatase EC.3.3.3.1 (ALP) decreased significantly (p<0.05). The bilirubin level for rabbits on the experimental diet was within the normal levels. Serum electrolyte concentrations show a significant (p<0.05) increase in sodium and chloride ions when compared with control. Potassium reduced significantly and bicarbonate ions had no significant change (p<0.05). Creatinine values showed a significant (p<0.05) decreased levels while urea levels increased significantly (p<0.05) Cholesterol levels were significantly (p<0.05) reduced. The lipoprotein fractions showed significantly (p<0.05) elevated HDL and triacylglycerol levels. LDL-Cholesterol were significantly (p<0.05) reduced. The HCLF Nigerian diet promotes hypertriglyceridemia, decreased serum proteins and increased AST, ALT and urea levels suggestive of hepatocellular damage. The reduced ALP levels is suggestive of arrested bone growth. The implication of consuming this diet is discussed.