Comparison of bone marrow and adipose tissue-derived canine mesenchymal stem cells

Samples were confirmed to be multipotent based on their osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. And these cells were checked as stem cell, hematopoietic and embryonic stem cell (ESC) markers by flow cytometry. BM- and AT-MSCs showed high expression of CD29 and CD44, moderate expression of CD90, and were negative for CD34, CD45, SSEA-3, SSEA-4, TRA-1-60, and TRA-1-81. SSEA-1 was expressed at very low levels in AT-MSCs. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) revealed expression of Oct3/4, Sox2, and Nanog in BM- and AT-MSCs. There was no significant difference in expression of Oct3/4 and Sox2 between BM-MSCs and AT-MSCs. However, Nanog expression was 2.5-fold higher in AT-MSCs than in BM-MSCs. Using immunocytochemical analysis, Oct3/4 and Sox2 proteins were observed in BM- and AT-MSCs.Our results provide fundamental information to enable for more reproducible and reliable quality control in the identification of canine BM-MSCs and AT-MSCs by protein and mRNA expression analysis.Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been successfully isolated from bone marrow [1] and adipose tissue [2,3] in humans. MSCs are multipotent and can differentiate not only into cells of the mesodermal lineage, such as osteoblasts [4], chondrocytes [5], and adipocytes [6], but also into neurocytes [7] and cardiomyocytes [8]. Given the appropriate microenvironment, MSCs can differentiate into various tissues. Due to their accessibility, expandability, and multipotentiality, MSCs hold promise for applications in regenerative medicine [9,10].MSCs are defined by their plastic adherent growth and subsequent expansion under specific culture conditions and by their in vitro and in vivo differentiation potential [1-8]. Induction of differentiation into osteoblasts and adipocytes under appropriate culture conditions has been extensively demonstrated [11]. However, MSC cultures are composed of heterogeneous cell populations. The proportion of pluripotent stem cells in bone marrow-derived whole cell culture