Genotype distribution of cervical human papillomavirus DNA in women with cervical lesions in Bioko, Equatorial Guinea

A campaign against cervical cancer was carried out in the area on a total of 1,680 women. 26 of the women, following cytological screening, were treated surgically with a loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP). Cases were studied histologically and were genotyped from paraffin blocks by applying a commercial kit that recognized 35 HPV types.Cytological diagnoses included 17 HSIL, 1 LSIL, 5 ASC-H and 3 AGUS. Histological diagnosis resulted in 3 cases of microinvasive squamous cell carcinoma stage IA of FIGO, 9 CIN-3, 8 CIN-2, 2 CIN-1, 3 flat condylomas and mild dysplasia of the endocervical epithelium. Fifteen of twenty-five cases genotyped were positive for HPV (60%). HPV 16 and 33 were identified in four cases each, HPV 58 in two other cases, and HPV 18, 31, 52, and 82 in one case, with one HPV 16 and 58 coinfection.The frequency of HPV types in the African area varies in comparison to other regions, particularly in Europe and USA. Vaccination against the five most common HPV types (16, 33, 58, 18, and 31) should be considered in the geographic region of West Africa and specifically in Equatorial Guinea.Cervical cancer is the second most common malignancy in women worldwide, and contributes to 9.8% of all female cancers [1]. In sub-Saharan Africa, cervical cancer is the leading cancer among women [2].Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are a group of viruses associated with benign and malignant neoplasms of cutaneous and mucosal epithelia [3]. It is estimated that 6% of the 9 million cancer cases registered each year worldwide could be attributed to HPV infection [4]. The classified high-risk HPVs (HR HPVs) are causally associated with invasive cervical cancer, but they also seem to play a role in the pathogenesis of other invasive cancers, including the anus, vulva, esophagus and conjunctiva [5].More than 100 HPV types have been identified, and about 40 can infect the genital tract [6]. Currently it is accepted that all squamous cell cervical carcinomas contain