Elevated red cell distribution width predicts poor outcome in young patients with community acquired pneumonia

Patients of 60 years old or younger, who were diagnosed with CAP (defined as pneumonia identified 48 hours or less from hospitalization) between March 1, 2005 and December 31, 2008 were retrospectively analyzed for risk factors for complicated hospitalization and 90-day mortality.The cohort included 637 patients. 90-day mortality rate was 6.6% and the median length of stay was 5 days. In univariate analysis, male patients and those with co-morbid conditions tended to have complicated disease. In multivariate analysis, variables associated with complicated hospitalization included post chest radiation state, prior neurologic damage, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) > 10.7 mmol/L and red cell distribution width (RDW) > 14.5%; whereas, variables associated with an increased risk of 90-day mortality included age ≥ 51 years, prior neurologic damage, immunosuppression, and the combination of abnormal white blood cells (WBC) and elevated RDW. Complicated hospitalization and mortality rate were significantly higher among patients with increased RDW regardless of the white blood cell count. Elevated RDW was associated with a significant increase in complicated hospitalization and 90-day mortality rates irrespective to hemoglobin levels.In young patients with CAP, elevated RDW levels are associated with significantly higher rates of mortality and severe morbidity. RDW as a prognostic marker was unrelated with hemoglobin levels.ClinicalTrials.Gov NCT00845312Community acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a major cause of severe morbidity and mortality. It is the sixth most common cause of death in the USA, and it is estimated that four million cases of CAP occur annually [1]. There is a worldwide increase in the number of hospitalizations due to CAP in the general population [2-4].Much research has been conducted in recent decades to determine prognostic factors for adverse outcome in patients hospitalized for CAP, including concomitant diseases and laboratory parameters on admission [5]. Seve