New Method for Ultra Wide Band and High Gain Rectangular Dielectric Rod Antenna Design

A novel method for tapered rectangular dielectric rod antenna design is presented. This method can be used to design from millimetre to terahertz antennas. The work modes of antenna have been analyzed. The input modes are fundamental mode and second mode, and the end-fire mode is only fundamental mode. The calculation formulas for bottom diameter and top diameter are given according to the work modes. In order to avoid standing wave in the antenna, the wave will not reflect on the boundary surface of antenna. The calculation formula of antenna length is given based on the radial theory. Different shaped 300 GHz antennas have been designed based on the method. The results indicate that this method is suitable for different shapes of rectangular rod antennas. We also give the other two 1 THz and 32 GHz antenna design to demonstrate this method. The antenna gain will increase with the length expanding based on our design. The bottom and top diameters can be tuned slightly because the work mode formulas of rectangular dielectric waveguide are derived approximately. As an example different tuning designs of 100 GHz indicate that the tuning region is based on the calculation results. The design results have ultra wide bandwidth which is almost 50% of center frequency and high gain.