Three-Dimensional FDTD Analysis of the Dual-Band Implantable Antenna for Continuous Glucose Monitoring

The finite difference time domain (FDTD) method is widely used as a computational tool to simulate the electromagnetic wave propagation in biological tissues. When expressed in terms of Debye parameters, dispersive biological tissues dielectric properties can be efficiently incorporated into FDTD codes. In this paper, FDTD formulation with nonuniform grid is presented to simulate a dual medical implant communications service (MICS) (402-405 MHz) and industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) (2.4--2.48\,GHz) band implantable antenna for continuous glucose-monitoring applications. In addition, we present computationally simpler two-pole Debye models that retain the high accuracy of the Cole-Cole Model for dry skin in MICS and ISM bands. The reflection coefficient simulation result with Debye dispersion is presented and compared with the published results. FDTD was also applied to analyze antenna's far-field.