Novel ionophores comprising various hydroxide and amine structures were immobilized onto poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) matrices, and these were examined to determine Ti(III) selectivity. To predict the selectivity of Ti(III), a PVC membrane was used to investigate the binding of Ti(III) to c-methylcalix[4]resorcinarene (CMCR). The study showed that the chelating ligand, CMCR, was coordinated selectively to Ti(III) at eight coordination sites involving the oxygen atoms at the interface of the membrane/solution. The membrane was prepared, based on CMCR as an ionophore, sodium tetrakis(4-fluorophenyl) borate (NaTFPB) as a lipophilic ionic additive, and dioctylphthalate (DOP) as a plasticizer. The immobilization of the ionophore and surface characterization studies revealed that the performance of CMCR-immobilized PVC was equivalent to that of mobile ionophores in supported liquid membranes (SLMs). The strengths of the ion-ionophore (CMCR-Ti(OH)(OH2)52+) interactions and the role of ionophores on membranes were studied via UV-Vis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT–IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and and X-ray diffraction (XRD).
References
[1]
Jose, P.; Menon, S. Lower-rim substituted calixarenes and their applications. Bioinorg. Chem. Appl. 2007, 2007, doi:10.1155/2007/65815.
[2]
Gutsche, C.D. Calixarenes Revisited; Royal Society of Chemistry: Cambridge, UK, 1998.
[3]
Yaftian, M.R.; Parinejad, M.; Matt, D. A Lead-selective membrane electrode based upon a phosphorylated hexahomotrioxacalix [3] arene. J. Chin. Chem. Soc. 2007, 54, 1535–1542.
[4]
Rezayi, M.; Lee, Y.H.; Kassim, A.; Ahmadzadeh, S.; Abdollahi, Y.; Jahangirian, H. Immobilization of tris(2 pyridyl) methylamine in PVC-membrane sensor and characterization of the membrane properties. Chem. Cent. J. 2012, 6, doi:10.1186/1752-153X-6-40.
[5]
Ahmadzadeh, S.; Kassim, A.; Rezayi, M.; Abdollahi, Y.; Hossein, G. A conductometric study of complexation reaction between meso-octamethylcalix [4] pyrrole with titanium cation in acetonitrile-ethanol binary mixtures. Int. J. Electrochem. Sci. 2011, 6, 4749–4759.
[6]
Ahmadzadeh, S.; Kassim, A.; Rezayi, M.; Rounaghi, G.H. Thermodynamic Study of the Complexation of p-Isopropylcalix [6] arene with Cs+ Cation in Dimethylsulfoxide-Acetonitrile Binary Media. Molecules 2011, 16, 8130–8142.
[7]
Ganjali, M.R.; Zamani, H.A.; Norouzi, P.; Adib, M.; Accedy, M. Novel calcium sensor based on [2-(2-hydroxyphenyl) imino]-1, 2-diphenylethanone. Acta Chim. Slov. 2005, 52, 309–316.
[8]
Arnold, P.J.; Davies, S.C.; Dilworth, J.R.; Durrant, M.C.; Griffiths, D.V.; Hughes, D.L.; Richards, R.L.; Sharpe, P.C. Copper complexes of the functionalised tripodal ligand tris (2-pyridyl) methylamine and its derivatives. J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans. 2001, 2001, 736–746.
[9]
Demirel, N.; Merdivan, M.; Pirinccioglu, N.; Hamamci, C. Thorium (IV) and uranium (VI) sorption studies on octacarboxymethyl-C-methylcalix [4] resorcinarene impregnated on a polymeric support. Anal. Chim. Acta. 2003, 485, 213–219.
[10]
Brown, P.O.; Enright, G.D.; Ripmeester, J.A. Cationic guests in extended anionic C-methylcalix[4] resorcinarene-inorganic frameworks: Exercising conformational Control over C-methylcalix[4] resorcinarene. J. Supramol. Chem. 2002, 2, 497–500.
Cassaignon, S.; Koelsch, M.; Jolivet, J.P. From TiCl3 to TiO2 nanoparticles (anatase, brookite and rutile): Thermohydrolysis and oxidation in aqueous medium. J. Phys. Chem. Solids 2007, 68, 695–700.
[13]
Clark, R.J.H. The Chemistry of Titanium and Vanadium; Elsevier: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1968.
[14]
Kassim, A.; Rezayi, M.; AhmadZadeh, S.; Yusof, N.A. A titanium ion-selective membrane electrode sensor. Malaysian Patnet PI2011003713, 2011.
[15]
Mrá？ek, A.; Varhaníková, J.; Lehocky, M.; G？undělová, L.; Pokopcová, A.; Velebny, V. The influence of Hofmeister series ions on Hyaluronan swelling and viscosity. Molecules 2008, 13, 1025–1034.
[16]
Tiitu, M.; Torkkeli, M.; Serimaa, R.; M？kel？, T.; Ikkala, O.T. Self-assembly and flow alignment of protonically conducting complexes of polystyrene-block-poly (4-vinylpyridine) diblock copolymer with phosphoric acid. Solid State Ionics 2005, 176, 1291–1299.
