Water Consumption Structure Based on the Niche and Its Entropy Model: A Case Study of Anyang City, Henan Province
基于生态位及其熵值模型的用水结构研究——以河南省安阳市为例

Water consumption structure is of great importance to realize the rational allocation of water resources and harmonious development of society and economy. Quantity of water resources utilization reflects the status of different types of water consumption, which belongs to the state of water resources utilization, whereas its growth and reduction embodies the expansion and compression of water consumption, which belongs to the potential of water resources utilization. A niche model based on the status and potential of the water consumption eco-unit and dimensional transformation coefficient, and a niche entropy model by water consumption niche were built in this study. In order to analyze the influential degree of economic loss caused by water consumption niche, based on an economic evaluation model of groundwater over-exploitation and ecological water shortage of channel and green space as well as value per unit water of ecological water, economic loss caused by the shortage of groundwater and ecological water were estimated. Distance correlation analysis was performed, with the influential degree being determined in terms of its quantitative value. A case study on Anyang City in Henan Province was conducted. Results show that the greater proportion of agricultural water niche decreased, the smaller proportion of domestic water niche increased steadily, and industrial water increased except for the urban areas. Niche entropy values vary greatly in space. The occupancy rate of agricultural water in Tangyin County, Huaxian County, and Neihuang County is higher than that of Anyang City. The occupancy rate of domestic water and industrial water in the urban areas and Linzhou County is higher than that of Anyang City as opposed to other regions. The agricultural water niche in Huaxian County and urban areas is greatly sensitive to economical lose from the environment; however, the industrial water niche in Anyang County is sensitive to it. Compared with the whole country, the water consumption structure of Anyang City tends to be harmonious. The more the agricultural water niche, the less the industrial and domestic water niche. The key to adjust water utilization structure is to reduce agricultural water. The total amount of water consumption should be controlled by various measures in order to guarantee a coordinated situation of development. The niche and its entropy model have been shown to be generally reasonable and operational.