Spatial Differences in Ecological Sustainability Based on a Pressure-State-Response Model for Yulong County Yunnan
基于PSR模型的旅游地生态持续性空间差异评价——以云南省玉龙纳西族自治县为例

This paper constructs a tourism evaluation system of ecological sustainability based on the pressure-state-response(PSR) model to comprehensively evaluate carrying capacity and stability of the ecological environment for Yulong county in Yunnan. We found that from the perspectives of pressure, state and response, the indicator system reflects structure and function of the ecological environment, the satisfaction of tourists and local residents, and connections and feedback between tourism development and ecological management. Tourist destinations are different from ordinary regional complexes because decisive factors are mainly interactions between tourists, their activities and internal elements within the system. Within evaluation units, the interaction mechanism is different for tourism and related human activities because of the different types of tourism resources, tourist activities and management modes. It is feasible to consider both the development of tourism and improvement of ecological sustainability. For example, across Yulong county, the most concentrated area of tourism activity is the also the area with the best status for ecological sustainability, such as the ancient city of Lijiang and Yulong Snow Mountain. Although a significant increase in tourists has led to a growth in consumption of resources and energy, corresponding increases in tourism revenue laid the economic foundation for local ecological construction. Awareness of ecological protection among local residents increases with development of local tourism. Therefore, during tourism development a combination of subjective understanding and objective conditions tends to promote a virtuous relationship between tourism development and ecological protection.