Analyzing Economically Variations of Sustainability of Land Use at National Level and Household Level
国家和农户层次上土地利用可持续性的经济学差异分析

Sustainable land use,which aims at the sustainable development of society,is based on the sustainability of natural resources,environment and economic viability.This paper analyzes the different activities among different economic individuals and selects corresponding evaluation indicators by economics principles and market mechanisms.While the central government calling for sustainable land use,many peasants' behaviors are unsustainable all the same,which leading to land degradation,environment pollution,and losses of culture heritages.The causes resulted in the differences of sustainability of land use at household level and national level are the dissimilar anticipations for sustainable development.Within short term of land contract,the peasants just pay attentions to the current economic return,while the central government attaches great importance to ecology and social benefit within an infinite long period.The conflicts between government and peasants not only go against the object of sustainable land use,but also do harm social stabilization.Therefore,in order to resolve the conflicts and realize sustainable land use,it is necessary to select disparate indicators for sustainable land use evaluation at national level and household level.This study suggests that the indicators at household level might include net income,input-output ratio and income stability,and the indicators at national level might include land use efficiency,input-output ratio with externality and land use diversity.Then,based on statistical and survey data,this article analyzes the sustainable land use differences among 24 provinces at national level and household level through extremum scoring method.Considering the data availability,this study adopts four indicators for sustainable land use evaluation: production value per area and grain food yield per area at national level;net income per area and input-output ratio at household level.The results indicate that there are differences between national and household levels,especially in some regions.For example,the scores of national level are much higher than the scores of household level in Xinjiang,Beijing and Hunan,and the scores of national level are much lower than the scores of household level in Heilongjiang.Finally,this study suggests several suitable economic policies,which compensate the external income and cost produced by peasant,for the government to restrict and direct farmer behaviors,and harmonize land use sustainability at national and household levels.