A Cross-layer Load-aware Based Ant-colony Optimization Routing Protocol with Bi-directional and Hop-by-hop Pheromone Update for Ad hoc Networks(CLABHPU)
一种基于跨层负载感知和双向逐跳信息素更新的自组网蚂蚁算法

In this paper,we present a cross-layer load-aware based ant colony optimization routing protocol with bi-di- rectional and hop-by-hop pheromone update for ad hoc networks(CLABHPU).CLABHPU combines the total path av- erage estimated delay with the buffer occupation ratio of MAC layer as the primary metric for route selection and route adjustment during the on-demand route discovery and route maintenance periods,and CLABHPU makes use of some data paekets to implement route maintenance and allow the heavy load nodes to drop the ants.Thus it ean decrease the route overhead,inerease the scalability of the algorithm and improve the congestion problem commonly existed in exist- ing ant-based routing protocols for ad hoe networks.At the same time,the intermediate nodes bi-directionally update the pheromone table hop-by-hop,which can accelerate the eonvergence rate of the algorithm and improve the speed of response to abnormal cases.Besides,CLABHPU depends on probability routing table,thus providing a number of re- dundant paths to the destination and helping increasing the reliability and survivability of the algorithm.The perform- ance of the algorithm is measured.Simulation results show that CLABHPU performs well in the packet delivery rate and routing overhead as well as end-to-end delay.