STUDIES ON THE DIFFERENTIATION OF SPECIES OF BASIDIOMYCETES CULTURES BY USE OF CULTURAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERS
利用培养特征和生理特性鉴别担子菌菌种的研究

It is well known that many basidiomycetes are edible or with medicinal value.In recent years,for medicinal basidiomycetes,their fruit bodies need not be directly utilized,but their metabolic products through submerged culture.Therefore,preserved ba- sidiomycetes cultures,even if mycelioid,are possessed of potential uses.However,judging these cultures preserved for a long period whether they are the original strains by checking their morphological characters is a difficult problem.This is because the only minority spe- cies are able to form fruit bodies by cultivation in laboratory up to now.In order to solve this problem,we have studied 142 strains belonging to 71 species and 48 genera of basidio- mycetes,and differentiated these mycelial cultures by use of cultural and physiological cha- racters. These cultures though collected from different sources,they were named by their mor- phological characteristics of the fruit bodies by isolaters or identifers.These cultures were transferred many generations and preserved for a long time,in which case there were about 26 species that each of them were maintained more than 2 strains(the most,10 strains) which differed from source.In the observation of cultural and physiological character ex- periment,the different strains of the same species showed identical in their physiology.They are 3 strains of Agaricus bisporus,4 strains of A.bitodquis,2 of A.campestris,6 of A.pra- tensis,2 of Armillariella mellea,2 of A.tabescens,4 of Auricularia auricula,2 of Calvatia gi- gantea,2 of Clitopilus caespitosus,2 of Cotlybia velutipes,2 of Coprinus comalus,4 of Gano- derma lucidum,2 of Gloeophyllum saepiarium,4 of Hericium erinaceus,3 of Lactarius cam- phoratus,5 Lentinus edodes,5 of Leucopaxillus giganteus,2 to Pholiota adiposa,4 of Pleuro- tus sapidus,2 of Polystictus versicolod,3 of Poria cocos,2 of Russula adusta,10 of Schizo- phyllum commune,4 of Teremella fuciformis,9 of Ustilago maydis and 6 of Volvariella vol- vacea. From the point of view of genera or species groups,these cultures showed regular gene- rality.For instance,of the 15 strains from 4 species of Agaricus,they were not assimilating sodium nitrate,tannic and gallic acid,but assimilating sucrose and lactose weakly;of the 4 strains from 2 species of Armillariella neither assimilating sodium nitrate nor sucrose and lactose;of the 9 strains from 6 species of Pleurotus not assimilating sodium nitrate,but tannic,sucrose and lactose;of the 7 strains from 3 species of Lentinus not assimilating tan- nic;of the 2 species of Marasmius assimilating tannic and gallic;of the 7 strains from 2 spe- cies of Volvariella neither assimilating tannic,gallic nor sodium nitrate. Ecological conditions of organisms have a direct bearing on their physiological charac- ters.In our inverstigation,the characters of the observed cultures tally with this natural law. For instance,the xylogenous fungi were able to assimilate phenol contained compounds such as tannic or gallic acid