Selection and modification of seed crystals in induced crystallization process
诱导结晶工艺中诱晶载体的选择与改性

The effects of the surface nature and surface loading of crystal seeds on induced crystallization were studied by evaluating the removal efficiency of copper from wastewater. The results revealed significantly lower removal efficiency of copper in initial start-up stage by quartz sands when compared with dolomite or copper carbonate; however, surface modification of quartz sands could accelerate the start-up of induced crystallization. In steady running period, the removal efficiency of copper could reach 95% using any kind of crystal seeds involved in this study. The above results indicated that the effects of surface nature of crystal seeds mainly occurred in the start-up stage of induced crystallization. In addition, the surface loading of crystal seeds was also found an important factor that could greatly influence the removal efficiency of copper, and a surface loading lower than 0.054 g Cu/(m2·d) was recommended.