Stream pollution analysis and hydrochemical assessment of the upper Luanhe River Basin
滦河流域上游地区主要河流水污染特征及评价

In the context of water resource management and pollution control,the analysis of stream pollution and assessment of hydrochemistry are of great significance.In this study,we investigated such kind of water quality issues based on analyses of 14 hydrochemical variables that were monitored in 29 sites of the upper Luanhe River Basin in 2010.The stream hydrochemistry was assessed using the methods of single factor assessment,comprehensive pollution index,water quality grading,Nemerow pollution index,fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and water quality identification index.Our results showed that water quality identification index is the best method for stream hydrochemical assessment of the upper Luanhe River Basin.The dominant pollutants were total nitrogen,ammonia nitrogen,permanganate index and total phosphorus.According to the National Surface Water Environmental Quality Standards of China,the stream water quality at Xiaodongqu was classified as inferior to gradeⅤ.The water at Xiaodongqu appeared malodorous and black,which had the worst water quality grade among the 29 sites.The stream water quality at Boluonuo,Yaogoumen,Xiabancheng and Pingquan sites is gradeⅠ-the best grade.Liuhe River,one of the branches in the Luanhe River Basin,suffered the worst pollution.Our results also showed that 14 sites were classified as "attainment standard" of drinking water(AS,grade III or better) while the other 15 sites were classified "non-attainment standard" of drinking water(NAS,grade IV or worse).We also applied principle component analysis(PCA) and multiple linear regressions for determining contributions from identified pollution sources.We found that the most significant pollution sources were municipal sewage and non-point sources in AS sites.In NAS sites,chemical industry wastewater pollution dominated.Our findings provide valuable information and guidance for water pollution control and water resource management in the Upper Luanhe River Basin.