Lead Flow Analysis for Lead-Acid Battery System
铅酸电池系统的铅流分析

The rules of lead industrial flow are studied and the theoretical evidence for environmental management is founded.Based on the lead flow diagram of lead acid battery system in its life cycle,the relationship between lead-acid battery system and its exterior environment is established and the elementary rules of lead industrial flow is obtained.The results show that,the increase of lead eco-efficiency can help for lead ore conservation and environmental improvement.To reach such target,it is necessary to keep higher lead recycling rate and lower lead emission rate.Several evaluation indices for the lead industrial flow are proposed.The lead flow analysis for the lead-acid battery system in China is made.By comparing the lead flow of lead-acid battery system in China to that in Sweden,it is found that the lower lead recycling rate,higher lead emission rate and continuous increase of annual output of lead-acid battery result in the low eco-efficiency of lead in the lead-acid battery system in China.By combing the actual status of lead related industries,the primary reasons for the low lead recycling rate and higher emission rate are analyzed respectively and the countermeasures of improvement are proposed.