THE MAIN ELEMENTS OF CONSTRAINT ON THE ATMOSPHERE AND HYDROSPHERE ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF THE TERRESTRIAL PLANETS
制约类地行星大气层和水体发育的主要因素

In this paper, the authors analyze the original and evolutional characteristics of the atmosphere and hydrosphere of the Mercury, Venus, Earth (including the Moon), Mars, discuss the differences of the atmosphere and hydrosphere among the Venus, Mars and the Earth. Compared with the outer planets of the solar system, the terrestrial planets have small mass and volume, high density, slow rotation, less or no satellite, low volatile element abundances,near the Sun, lost all of their original atmosphere driven by the strong solar wind during Taurus Period,combined with the frequent and heavy impacts, the present atmosphere is secondary and come from the leaving of gases in interiors. The formation and evolution of the atmosphere and hydrosphere of the terrestrial planets were controlled by their mass (representing their energy as well as the duration and intensity of tectonic activities), the distance from the sun, and other elements. Generally, among the terrestrial planets the Earth and Venus characterized by the haviest mass, highest escape velocity, tied up much more gases which are more complicated in components and higher in density. The Mars with light mass and a velocity of no more than the half of the Earth′s, the gases on its surface gradually escaped into the deep space and the atmosphere became rare. The Mercury is the lightest planet in the terrestrial planets and nearest to the sun on which not only the solar wind but also thermal motions of molecules of gases (high temperature) is strong, and the gases easily escape into the space leaving rather rare atmosphere and have the solar wind properties. The Moon has the minimum mass with almost no atmosphere and hydrosphere. Overall, the thermal history of planets,the distance from the sun and their mass puts important effects on their atmosphere and hydrosphere formation and evolution.