Analysis of the environmental awareness of folk conventions in ancient Yunnan:Taking the stone carvings of folk conventions as an example
从乡规民约石刻看历史时期云南民间的环境意识

The activities of folks greatly influenced the environmental changes,and the folk environmental awareness plays important roles in the changes as well.Thus,the studies on people's cognitions on environment will contribute to the further research on the process of environmental changes.However,the folk environmental consciousness of the current academic research is the weak part. Many articles are focused on protecting environment in stone carvings of folk conventions of Yunnan Province,including people's cognition on the relation between environment and aesthetic appreciation,people's cognition on the relation between environment and geomantic omen,people's cognition on which forests conserve water sources and soil.The authors collect and analyze 84 stone carvings of folk conventions.The development process of Yunnan folk environmental awareness is divided into six stages: germination stage,development stage,peak stage,trough stage,recovery stage and decent stage.The distribution from the perspective of time of stone carvings of folk conventions and the changes of folk environmental conventions are synchronized.Before the Qing Dynasty,Yunnan had high vegetation coverage,sound natural environment and relatively low population density.Moreover,people in this area hardly did anything to damage the natural environment.So the problems of environmental protection did not attract people's attention.Then after the Qing Dynasty,with the greater pressure of population,the gradual damage of vegetation caused by economic development and the disorder of the society,production and life suffering from wars,the folk environmental conventions of Yunnan has been growing gradually.Seen from the spatial perspective,the environmental-protecting stone carvings of folk conventions of Yunnan are characterized by wide-spreading and relative centralizing.They are mainly distributed in areas such as Yuxi,Dali,Chuxiong,Wenshan and Kunming.These areas have a long history of economic development,dense population,high-developed industry and agriculture.Meanwhile,their forests have been degraded seriously.