EMISSIONS OF GREENHOUSE GASES IN CHINA AND ITS REDUCTION STRATEGY
中国的温室气体排放、减排措施与对策*

According to the People's Republic of China Initial National Communication on Climate Change (2004),the total net emission of greenhouse gases in China was 3650 million tons of CO_ 2 equivalent in 1994,with CO_ 2 ,CH_ 4 and N_ 2 O contributing to 73.1%,19.7% and 7.2%,respectively. CO_ 2 emissions were mainly from energy activities. The activities of agriculture and energy contributed greatly to CH_ 4 emissions. N_ 2 O emissions were mostly from agricultural activities. Over the last two decades,China has made great efforts to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions. Analysis of published papers and documents suggests that there is a great potential in China to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. For CO_ 2 emission reduction,the following strategies could be considered: 1) The adjustment of energy structure,especially switching from coal consumption to natural gas consumption as well as nuclear power. 2) The improvement of energy efficiency in the processes of energy production,transformation,assignation,and utilization. 3) The exploitation and utilization of renewable energy including hydropower,wind power,solar energy,and bioenergy. 4) The enhancement of carbon sinks in terrestrial ecosystems through reforestation,reducing removal of crop residues,making optimal combination of nutrients in fertilization,and the development of no-tillage and reduced-tillage practice. For CH_ 4 emission reduction the strateries include: 1) The reclamation and utilization of coal bed CH_ 4 in mining activities. 2) The improvement of landfill construction and the inoculation of methanotrophs in the landfill field. 3) The improvement of ruminant nutrition. 4) The planting of rice varieties with low CH_ 4 emissions and/or high harvest index,and field drainage in irrigated rice cultivation. For N_ 2 O emission reduction the strategies mainly include: 1) The improvement of nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency and the popularization of low-release and release-controlled nitrogen fertilizers in agricultural activities. 2) The usage of biological inhibitors. 3) The application of microbiological engineering.