Spatial-temporal change of rural industry in social physical perspective: Based on the investigation of Zhitian Village,Gongyi City,Henan Province
社会物理学视角下中国农村工业时空演化——以河南省芝田村为例

Based on five investigations of Zhitian Village, Gongyi City, Henan Province, China, the paper classifies the phases and sums up its characteristics and spatial-temporal change of rural industry in a village-level unit. The quantitative study of spatial-temporal change of village industry can be conducted on social physics, such as Refraction Law, Universal Gravitation Law, and Molecular Transition Law. The paper verifies theoretical assumption that the microscopic scale can reflect the larger-scale operating conditions. The results are obtained as follows. (1) High refractive index of industry to agriculture is the main cause for industry-arising in rural industry, and from the point of unit area, rural industry has much better profits compared to agriculture; from the point of unit labor, rural industry substituted other rare factors for labor. (2) With the distance increasing, the decay of Gravity tends to be the main reason for the spread of rural industry. (3) National policies and external economic environment are the main reasons for fluctuations in rural industry. and The former plays a leading role in the earlier period; with the establishment of a market economy, and the latter role has notably improved and gradually became the decisive factor. (4) High refractive index of private enterprises to collective enterprises is the main reason for restructuring. However, the former has a lower endurance than the latter when economic risk comes. (5) Rural industry has characteristic of scale economy. The larger the scale, the higher the refractive index in different sectors and within the same industry. (6) Concentration efficiency is the main reason for clustering of rural enterprises. The cluster has a greater advantage over the convergence over time, and it will be the direction of the rural industrial development. In the early stages of industrial development, enterprise efficiency is increased along with the scale in the power model, but if industrial development enters a faster development stage, it would become a logistic model which could make a self-inhibition to enterprise efficiency.